Learning Objectives

  • Identify the tense (past, present, future) of verbs in a sentence
  • Recognise perfect, passive, and continuous aspects
  • Read annotated verb tokens to understand tense marking in English
1

Tense and Aspect in English

English verb forms encode not just tense (when something happens) but also aspect (how the action unfolds over time). Understanding both is essential for accurate reading and writing.

There are three main tenses combined with three aspects, producing twelve possible forms:

Tenses: Past • Present • Future
Aspects: Simple • Perfect • Continuous (Progressive)

The tool in this unit colour-codes each verb in your sentence and labels it with its tense and aspect combination.

2

Tense and Aspect Overview

Expand each aspect to see how it combines with tense.

TenseStructureExample
Past Simpleverb + -ed / irregularShe wrote the report.
Present Simpleverb (base form)She writes every day.
Future Simplewill + infinitiveShe will write tomorrow.

TenseStructureExample
Past Perfecthad + past participleShe had written the report before he arrived.
Present Perfecthave/has + past participleShe has written three chapters.
Future Perfectwill have + past participleShe will have written it by Friday.

TenseStructureExample
Past Continuouswas/were + -ingShe was writing when he called.
Present Continuousam/is/are + -ingShe is writing now.
Future Continuouswill be + -ingShe will be writing all morning.

Tool: Tense Parser

Enter any English sentence. Click Analyse to see each verb colour-coded with its tense and aspect label displayed above the word.

Try: "She had been working for hours before she finally finished the report."

Annotated Output
Annotated tokens will appear here…

Verbs are highlighted in orange with their tense label shown above. Non-verb words appear without annotation.

4

Check Your Understanding

What tense and aspect is 'had finished'?

Correct! 'Had + past participle' is the Past Perfect. It describes an action completed before another past event.
Not quite — review the material and try again. 'Had + past participle' is the Past Perfect. It describes an action completed before another past event.

Which sentence contains a Present Continuous verb?

Correct! 'Is writing' = am/is/are + -ing = Present Continuous. It describes an action happening right now.
Not quite — review the material and try again. 'Is writing' = am/is/are + -ing = Present Continuous. It describes an action happening right now.

What does 'aspect' refer to in English grammar?

Correct! Aspect describes the internal structure of an event — whether it is ongoing (continuous), completed (perfect), or viewed as a simple whole (simple).
Not quite — review the material and try again. Aspect describes the internal structure of an event — whether it is ongoing (continuous), completed (perfect), or viewed as a simple whole (simple).
5

Watch

Video coming soon

Review

AspectPastPresentFuture
Simplewrotewriteswill write
Perfecthad writtenhas writtenwill have written
Continuouswas writingis writingwill be writing
Perfect continuoushad been writinghas been writingwill have been writing

Passive constructions (e.g., was written, has been approved) are labelled with "Passive" as a prefix: e.g., Passive Past or Passive Present Perfect. The tool detects been and being as signals of passive voice.

Proceed to Unit 9: Articles when ready.